Structural Relationships Research Articles

부모의 학습지원과 지지적 학교환경이 초등학생의 학습태도에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to convergence competency, and to ana-lyze the structural relationships among them. The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to con-vergence competency, and to analyze the structural relationships among them. Methods In this study, 1,145 children who responded to all related variables in the 12th and 13th data of the Korean Children's Panel were used as data. The structural equation model was analyzed to understand the struc-tural relationship between each variable, and the direct and indirect effects were verified through this. In addition, the mediating effect was verified using bootstrapping. Results There was no significant relationship between parents' learning support and elementary school students' learning attitude, and there was a positive relationship between the supportive school environment and learning attitude. Grit showed a complete mediating effect in the effect of parental learning support on learning attitude, and Grit showed a partial mediating effect in the effect of supportive school environment on learning attitude. Conclusions Parents' learning support and supportive environment had a positive effect on Grit, which improved the learning attitude. This study is expected to help parents, who are interested in their children's learning, support direction and school environment by examining the influence and path of parents‘, school variables and grit that can positively affect learning attitudes.

Striatal brain volume linked to severity of substance use in high-risk incarcerated youth.

Substance use disorders among juveniles are a major public health concern and are often intertwined with other psychosocial risk factors including antisocial behavior. Identifying etiological risks and mechanisms promoting substance use disorders remains a high priority for informing more focused interventions in high-risk populations. The present study examined brain gray matter structure in relation to substance use severity among n = 152 high-risk, incarcerated boys (aged 14-20). Substance use severity was positively associated with gray matter volume across several frontal/striatal brain regions including amygdala, pallidum, putamen, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. Effects were apparent when using voxel-based-morphometric analysis, as well as in whole-brain, data-driven, network-based approaches (source-based morphometry). These findings support the hypothesis that elevated gray matter volume in striatal reward circuits may be an endogenous marker for vulnerability to severe substance use behaviors among youth.

Precise determination of oxygen content in SmBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film samples using x-ray diffraction

Abstract The superconducting properties of SmBa2Cu3O7-δ (SmBCO) thin films are predominantly influenced by the oxygen deficiency δ. Yet, the established methods to determine δ such as iodometric titration or thermogravimetry cannot be applied to thin films due to their very small volume.
Therefore, an alternative way to determine δ for SmBCO thin film samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) is presented. Main point of this analysis is the structural relationship between the a, b and c lattice parameters and δ. A linear relationship between c and δ is found in SmBCO powder samples for both the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases.
Furthermore, an attempt is made to quantify the chemical composition using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This attempt was inconclusive because of drastically changing ion yields due to δ influencing the valence state of the analyzed ions.
The found crystal structural relationship gathered from the powder samples is applied to thin film samples. Thereby, it becomes clear that thermal strain is affecting the crystal structure of the thin films. A simple correction model is used to correct for thermal strain and a good match between powder, literature and thin film data is achieved and thus a non-destructive way for the determination of δ using XRD.


Local government behavior in rural construction land marketization in China: An archetype analysis

There are various rural construction land marketization (RCLM) patterns in China. Explorations on the factors influencing the differences between patterns can provide policy inspirations for establishing a unified land market in China. Archetype analysis enables us to reveal the structural relationships between various factors and elucidate reappearing patterns in the cases. Based on 29 cases, this study analyzes the effects of different factor combinations on the behavioral choices of local governments using the archetype analysis approach. Six archetypes are extracted, and the main findings from the archetype analysis are as follows: 1) The combination of active rural land markets and the effective operation of village autonomy or informal dialogue mechanisms led by rural elites promote the emergence of self-organization models for RCLM. Local governments mainly play guiding, supervisory, and service roles. 2) When the self-organization model is challenging to sustain, local governments participate in the process of RCLM with different mechanisms due to social benefits orientation. 3) In certain well-developed rural areas with a high level of industrialization and limited land resources, extensive government intervention has emerged as a new governance model to achieve regional coordinated development goals. Our work reveals the mechanisms through which local governments play a role in the reform and innovation of RCLM, and it contributes to a better understanding of local government positioning in the future RCLM reform process.

Academic motivation in adolescents: the role of parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction and self-control

BackgroundVarious perspectives on the existence and degree of motivation, which is a crucial factor influencing human behavior, have been studied for many years. Especially in adolescence, a phase marked by rapid change, motivation plays a crucial role in supporting young people to achieve their goals, fulfill their responsibilities, and experience healthy development.AimsThe present study aims to investigate the structural relationships among perceived parental autonomy support, satisfaction of psychological needs, self-control, and academic motivation.SampleThe study was conducted with a total of 427 high school students, including 230 females and 197 males, aged between 14 and 19 (M = 15.82; SD = 1.02).MethodParticipants completed self-report measures of academic motivation, parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction, and self-control. Structural equation modeling was performed to explore complex relationships between variables of interest.ResultsThe study revealed that psychological needs satisfaction increased as parental autonomy support increased, and self-control also increased with the satisfaction of psychological needs. It was also found that satisfaction of psychological needs was positively related to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Additionally, self-control was associated with increased intrinsic motivation and decreased amotivation. In addition, it was found that parental autonomy support has an indirect relationship with academic motivation through the satisfaction of psychological needs and self-control.ConclusionIt is believed that these connections will lead to a deeper understanding of the significant processes in adolescence and serve as a foundation for developing and implementing psycho-educational interventions related to these variables.

Numerical simulation on cellular structure and mechanical properties of tungsten particles/polymethyl methacrylate microcellular composites

AbstractMicrocellular composites combine the advantages of composite material and microcellular material. Introducing the inclusion phase into the polymer matrix can optimize the cellular structure and improve the mechanical properties of microcellular materials. This paper focuses on rigid W particles reinforced PMMA microcellular materials, combining compression experiments and meso FE simulations to investigate the structure–property relationship of cellular structure and compressive properties for W/PMMA microcellular composites. The results indicate that W particles promote heterogeneous nucleation, reducing the cell size to 3 μm, and reinforce the PMMA matrix. W particles (10 → 60 wt%) are linearly and exponentially related to compressive modulus and compressive strength of W/PMMA microcellular composites, increased by 49.3% and 19.8%. Void porosity (71% → 48%) is quadratic related to compressive properties of W/PMMA microcellular composites, increased by 109%. Cell sizes (5 → 1 μm, especially smaller than the W particle sizes) are exponentially related to compressive properties of W/PMMA microcellular composites, increased by 38.5%. This work provides theoretical support for the regulation of cellular structure and optimization of mechanical properties of microcellular materials.

Systemic barriers preventing farmer engagement in the agricultural climate transition: a qualitative study

AbstractFarmers and the agricultural sector are facing an uncertain future, due to rapidly changing agricultural policy and a nexus of commercial, environmental and biodiversity challenges brought on by anthropogenic climate change. Balancing the interests of the farming community and natural environment is generating organisational and personal conflict, rather than effective agricultural adaption and a focus on the net zero transition. In this paper, we consider how farmers and the wider farming community can participate in engagement and decision-making for the transition, on their own terms, whilst ensuring social justice for fair and equitable decision-making. We discuss findings from our research project, that used questionnaires and follow up semi-structured interviews with farmers and farming groups to reveal systemic issues that prevent farmers engaging with the climate transition to net zero during their everyday practice. We highlight the structural relationships that form these barriers and frustrate farmers when designing and implementing farm interventions to agricultural systems during times of transition. Farmers have highlighted barriers to be associated with policy, (uncertain government strategy, landowner bias in government policy and tenancy restrictions, government bureaucracy—particularly environment schemes), commercial (market forces—downward pressure from supermarkets on price points, availability of labour due to seasonal migration restrictions, increasing cost of labour) and interpersonal (succession—uncertain future of the family farm due to limited income). This frustrates the ability of farmers to address climate change through farming practices and undermines the implementation of innovative engagement practices, such as co-produced interventions, in policy and decision-making settings.

Research on the Willingness Model for Community Drug Rehabilitation Participation Based on Mixed Research

Objective: With the continuous improvement of community management functions, community drug rehabilitation management in China has also received increasing attention. Currently, research mainly focuses on the policy and measure reforms of management departments. According to relevant data, the willingness of drug users to actively participate in community drug rehabilitation management is still low. Theoretical Framework: Through a search for quantitative data, it was discovered that two independent factors impact this variable: Program outcomes and small teamwork competence. Furthermore, there exists an additional mediating variable: Client-centered management practices have a correlation with program outcomes and have an impact on the willingness of clients. Client-centered management practice correlates with the proficiency of small workgroups and impacts clients' receptiveness. Method: The researcher used qualitative and quantitative sequential exploratory mixed methods to achieve this. In the qualitative stage, the study focused on key stakeholders from five Correction Institutes using interviews, focus groups, and lessons learned as tools for data collection. A purposive sample of 27 individuals was selected. The researcher used content and topic analysis to develop a conceptual framework and a questionnaire. In the quantitative stage, the study included drug addicts in correction institutes. A sample of 356 respondents was sampled using a systematic sampling method. Results and Discussion: Through literature research and field interviews, our project team found that customer centered management practices, small team cooperation ability, and the achievements of community management projects have an impact on the willingness of drug addiction patients to participate in community drug rehabilitation. Therefore, a structural equation model that affects the willingness to participate in community drug rehabilitation is proposed. We hope to explore the optimal structural relationship through a mixed qualitative and quantitative research method, and provide reference for relevant academic research. Research Implications: As recommendations, managers should analyze project role links and emphasize cross-role communication and collaboration. For future studies, it is recommended to use qualitative data such as work process observations and examine the long-term consequences of participants' Willingness.

Evaluation of methods used to improve grasslands as ring‐necked pheasant brood habitat

AbstractRing‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) demographic response is sensitive to chick survival and nest success. The establishment and management of grasslands within agricultural landscapes, often through cropland conversion programs (e.g., Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]), have positive impacts on survival and nest success. Newly established CRP and early successional habitat can provide vegetative structure selected by pheasant chicks. Ideal brood habitat provides an abundance of arthropods, an open understory promoting efficient chick movement, and a protective canopy cover. However, the natural succession of grasslands changes desired vegetative structure and challenges managers with providing adequate habitat for pheasant chicks. We investigated the efficacy of different methods of CRP management, including haying, burning, herbicide application, interseeding, and grazing, to provide adequate brood rearing habitat in cool‐ and warm‐season grasslands. We assessed chick body mass change using human‐imprinted ring‐necked pheasant chicks and investigated changes in vegetation composition and structure in relation to various habitat treatments in north‐central and north‐eastern South Dakota during mid‐June and mid‐July of 2013, 2014, and 2015. Generally, treatments that incorporated interseeding, herbicide application, or their combination had the greatest chick mass gain, reduced litter cover and depth, and increased bare ground and forb cover. Effective management for brood habitat may require more aggressive techniques than simple haying or prescribed fire techniques.

The structural landscape and diversity of Pyricularia oryzae MAX effectors revisited.

Magnaporthe AVRs and ToxB-like (MAX) effectors constitute a family of secreted virulence proteins in the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), which causes blast disease on numerous cereals and grasses. In spite of high sequence divergence, MAX effectors share a common fold characterized by a ß-sandwich core stabilized by a conserved disulfide bond. In this study, we investigated the structural landscape and diversity within the MAX effector repertoire of P. oryzae. Combining experimental protein structure determination and in silico structure modeling we validated the presence of the conserved MAX effector core domain in 77 out of 94 groups of orthologs (OG) identified in a previous population genomic study. Four novel MAX effector structures determined by NMR were in remarkably good agreement with AlphaFold2 (AF2) predictions. Based on the comparison of the AF2-generated 3D models we propose a classification of the MAX effectors superfamily in 20 structural groups that vary in the canonical MAX fold, disulfide bond patterns, and additional secondary structures in N- and C-terminal extensions. About one-third of the MAX family members remain singletons, without strong structural relationship to other MAX effectors. Analysis of the surface properties of the AF2 MAX models also highlights the high variability within the MAX family at the structural level, potentially reflecting the wide diversity of their virulence functions and host targets.

Processing strategy and composite regulation on dielectric performance in Li2O–Al2O3–B2O3 dielectric systems using SrTiO3

AbstractIn this paper, we investigated the effect of processing parameters and composite regulation on the structure and property relationship of lightweight low‐permittivity Li2O–Al2O3–B2O3 dielectric system. Li2BAlO4 ceramic and (1 − x)Li2BAlO4–xSrTiO3 ceramics were synthesized using a conventional solid‐state reaction method. Thermodynamic analysis, sintering temperature, phase formation, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. Thermal analysis revealed a melting temperature of 847°C, suggesting a comparatively low temperature for the sintering of Li2BAlO4 ceramics. Li2BAlO4 crystalized into a monoclinic structure with P21/c space group, with [Al2B2O8] rings connected by [BO3] triangles and [AlO4] tetrahedra through Al–O–Al bridges. Dense Li2BAlO4 ceramics with a relative density of ∼97.7% were sintered at 750°C and had optimal microwave dielectric properties with relative permittivity (εr) of 5.13, quality factor (Q × f) of 22 610 GHz, and the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf) of −112.5 ppm/°C. The 0.88Li2BAlO4–0.12SrTiO3 composite ceramic has excellent microwave dielectric properties with εr = 8.83, Q × f = 14 000 GHz, τf = 4.6 ppm/°C. The ceramics also demonstrated an inert behavior with silver electrodes proving its application in low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology.

A Mode Sensitivity Enhancement Method for Beam Bridge Using High-Density Strain Feedback

Abstract Closed-loop damage diagnosis method has attracted some attention in recent years; however, for lack of sufficient measuring points, it is difficult to achieve robust control of large structures cause the output dimension is not enough to meet the demand of system controllability and observability. On this basis, a mode sensitivity enhancement method for beam bridge using high-density strain feedback is proposed, in which high density dynamic strain measurements of the girder structure can be collected by distributed fiber sensor. Utilizing strain–displacement transformation relationship of the girder structure, the dynamic displacements can be obtained and used as output with high dimension to achieve the feedback control for eigenvalue sensitivity enhancement. To verify the proposed method, a series of numerical case studies of a beam bridge structure are performed, and it is demonstrated that the eigenvalue sensitivity can be enhanced effectively.

Two decades of learning agility and an integrated framework: a review of literature and bibliometric analysis

Purpose Due to the extremely complicated and unpredictable outside world, using and unlocking the potential of learning agility (LA) has become a key part of making businesses more competitive, and there is a lot of new research being produced on this topic very quickly. Thus, this study aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis to systematically analyse the existing literature on LA and propose an integrated framework depicting various predictors, mediators and outcome variables covered in the LA research. Moreover, this study lays out a rich and detailed agenda for future research and enhances understanding of LA by suggesting future research questions. Design/methodology/approach This study applied bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database. This study applied bibliometric analysis and cluster analysis to examine the contributions of research constituents (authors, institutions, countries and journals) and their structural and thematic relationships (co-citation network and thematic trends). The most important insights were used to propose an integrated conceptual model. Findings Based on the results of the performance analysis, this study discovered that the USA is the most productive country in this research field, followed by Belgium, Australia, Korea and India. In addition, the findings highlight the most prominent journals, authors and countries contributing to LA, document citations and theories contributing to the field of LA. This study identifies four emerging future research themes (clarity of construct, identification of variables to be studied with LA, strategies enhancing LA and context of study) and proposes subsequent research questions using science mapping analysis. Practical implications A review of existing literature on LA provides a clear understanding of the current and future state of research on this topic. And, from a practical standpoint, this study highlights emergent clusters that will help practitioners build LA as a tactical reaction to the current volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment. Originality/value This study is relevant as it aims to systematically review articles on LA and proposes an integrated conceptual framework based on existing literature that will serve as a guide for existing and future research in this area.

Nanoindentation responses of Fe–Cr alloys from room temperature to 600 °C

In this work, the evolution of nanomechanical properties was studied systematically as a function of temperature, chemical, and microstructural complexity of different Fe-based alloys. Experiments were performed at different temperatures (room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C) using the nanoindentation technique on low activation Fe9Cr–1WVTa (Eurofer97), model Fe–9Cr–NiSiP, Fe–9Cr alloys, and pure iron samples, followed by microstructural observations. The results show varying softening and hardening effects depending on the experimental temperature, demonstrating Portevin-Le-Chatelier effect, i.e., dynamic strain aging phenomenon in model alloys. Sources of the dynamic strain aging instabilities were traced back to the interaction between dislocations and alloying elements such as interstitial carbon and substitutional chromium. The materials undergo dynamic recovery and recrystallization below the regions of high-temperature indentation depending on the pre-indentation dislocation density and the alloy composition. Our findings help in the understanding of the structure and mechanical property relationship in complex Eurofer97 alloy at high-temperatures for potential nuclear applications as structural materials.

The Structure-Conduct-Performance of Indonesian Coffee Processing Industry

Coffee industry in Indonesia in the short- and long terms has the potential to boost the country’s economy which can be seen in the form of structure, behavior, and performance. Market forces affect the market structure in an industry. The formation of the market structure affects a company’s behavior which further affects the performance of the company. The data used in this study is sourced from the Central Statistics Agency. The study measures the relationship of structure and other factors that affect the performance of the Indonesian coffee industry using a multiple regression model. Our findings show that the coffee processing industry in Indonesia has an oligopoly structure with a fairly high market barrier. The market behavior of the coffee processing industry is seen in terms of price strategy, products, and promotion. The performance of the coffee processing industry in Indonesia has an increasing trend every year. A positive trend results in good performance for the company so that it will increase the level of profit. Based on the regression results, the Minimum Cost Price which represents the performance of the Indonesian coffee processing industry is significantly influenced by the Efficiency Value. CR4 value and Labor Productivity have no real effect on the Minimum Price Cost. The pattern of the relationship between Efficiency and Labor Productivity to the Minimum Price Cost has a positive effect while CR4 has a negative effect. Keywords: structure, conduct, performance, coffee processing industry

Comparison of hydration structure formed on organic crystal surfaces measured by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

Abstract Organic molecule crystalline materials have widely been utilized for various applications. Controlling their crystallization and morphology is important for improving their performance and functionality. We have been investigating fundamental mechanisms of crystal growth process of organic molecules from a view point of hydration structure formed at an interface between a crystal surface and a solution. In this review, we introduce our recent studies on comparison of hydration structure between organic crystal polymorphs and between organic crystal planes measured by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) combined with three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM), discussing the relationship of hydration structure with crystal growth process.

Taste and its receptors in human physiology: A comprehensive look

AbstractIncreasing evidence shows that food has significance beyond traditional perception (providing nutrition and energy) in maintaining normal life activities. It is indicated that the sense of taste plays a crucial part in regulating human life activities. Taste is one of the basic physiological sensations in mammals, and it is the fundamental guarantee for them to perceive, select, and ingest nutrients in order to survive. With the advances in electrophysiology, molecular biology, and structural biology, studies on the intracellular and extracellular transduction mechanisms of taste have made great progress and gradually revealed the indispensable role of taste receptors in the regulation and maintenance of normal physiological activities. Up to now, how food regulates life activities through the taste pathway remains unclear. Thus, this review comprehensively and systematically summarizes the current study about the sense of taste, the function of taste receptors, the taste–structure relationship of gustatory molecules, the cross‐talking between distinctive tastes, and the role of the gut–organ axis in the realization of taste. Moreover, we also provide forward‐looking perspectives on taste research to afford a scientific basis for revealing the scientific connotation of taste receptors regulating body health.

Russian and Arabic documentary tradition: syntactic aspect

The object of the study is documents of business correspondence in Russian-Arabic official communication; the subject of the study is the syntactic features of Russian and Arabic business documents, the similarities and differences between Russian and Arabic syntax in business communication. Syntactic organization is very important for business writing; it serves as the final stage of its structure. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of universal and culturally determined features of the syntactic structure in relation to Russian and Arabic-language business writing. Among the universal elements are the use of sentences that convey the non-personal nature of communication, indirect expression of imperativeness (using forms of the subjunctive mood, interrogative sentences), introductory words with the semantics of politeness. Original syntactic constructions can be used to achieve a similar communicative effect. The research was carried out on the basis of methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, description. Methods of component analysis, interpretation and classification, a system-structural method, and elements of a functional approach were used. As a result of the study, it was noted that the differences in the syntactic structure of Russian- and Arabic-language business letters are culturally and historically determined. The specifics of Arabic business syntax were influenced by increased requirements for the expression of politeness in society (indication of the regalia of the addressee), the predominance of the collective over the personal in culture, the origin of the official business style from the artistic, and not from the colloquial (long sentences). It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account cultural and historical factors both in the process of constructing business letters and in the process of their mutual translation. Among the important techniques of Russian-Arabic translation are combining sentences and increasing content

The component and structure of interpersonal trust

Prior research has identified trust trait, trust expectation, trust risk and trust behavior as integral components of interpersonal trust. However, there still lack an in-depth exploration of the structural relationships among these integral components—how these integral components collectively constitute interpersonal trust. The current study innovatively proposed that interpersonal trust is anchored by individual trust trait, mediated by the dynamic equilibrium between trust risk and trust expectation, and culminates in trust behavior as the outcome. Interpersonal trust results from the synergistic interplay of individual and environmental factors. We called such structural relationships as the pyramid structure model of interpersonal trust, and proved its rationality by empirical evidence.

Relationship Of Interface Structure to the Dynamics of Selective Lanthanide Extraction

Recent synchrotron X-ray studies have revealed a variety of specific ion effects in the structures formed by lanthanides and surfactants at air-water and solvent-water interfaces. However, the relevance of the interfacial structure to extraction and selective separation processes has been unclear. We have studied solvent extraction from aqueous solutions containing lanthanide ions to organic solvents containing model extractants, and correlated the results to the interfacial structure. The selectivity, extraction rates and extraction efficiencies are consistent with the postulate that when hydrophobic bilayers form at the interface, there is faster and better extraction. Further, selectivity during extraction from mixtures is enhanced when there is less extractant than needed for complete extraction of all the ions present.